{"id":23892,"date":"2025-07-01T09:45:26","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T07:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/?p=23892"},"modified":"2025-06-20T09:48:08","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T07:48:08","slug":"el-olivo-y-los-fenicios","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/?p=23892","title":{"rendered":"El olivo y los fenicios"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-23894 alignleft\" style=\"font-weight: inherit;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/aceitunas-300x125.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"535\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/aceitunas-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/aceitunas-1024x426.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/aceitunas-768x320.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/aceitunas.jpg 1141w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 535px) 100vw, 535px\" \/>El olivo (<em>Olea europaea<\/em> L. var. <em>europaea<\/em>) fue introducido en cultivo en Oriente Pr\u00f3ximo (Siria y Palestina) hacia 4.000-3.500 a. C., por selecci\u00f3n emp\u00edrica de \u00e1rboles de olivo silvestre o acebuche (<em>Olea europaea<\/em> var. <em>sylvestris<\/em> (Mill.) Lehr.) que mostraban frutos de mayor tama\u00f1o y\/o mayor contenido en aceite. Desde all\u00ed, su cultivo se extendi\u00f3 paulatinamente a toda la Regi\u00f3n Mediterr\u00e1nea. El \u00e1rea de distribuci\u00f3n del acebuche cubre la cuenca mediterr\u00e1nea y Oriente Medio; se reproduce sexualmente por semillas que son dispersadas endozoicamente por aves frug\u00edvoras migratorias o residentes, atra\u00eddas por la carnosidad de sus frutos. El olivo cultivado se reproduce asexualmente mediante estaquillado, procedimiento que ha conducido a la selecci\u00f3n y mantenimiento de m\u00e1s de 2000 cultivares o variedades de cultivo, que son biol\u00f3gicamente clones de plantas gen\u00e9ticamente similares.\u00a0 El \u00e1rea de distribuci\u00f3n del olivo coincid\u00eda al principio con la del acebuche, con el que es inter-f\u00e9rtil. Pero su cultivo se ha extendido considerablemente, incluyendo \u00e1reas extra-mediterr\u00e1neas.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 No parece probable que el olivo cultivado se encontrara en la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica antes del siglo XI a. C. Sus pobladores no estaban familiarizados a\u00fan con los m\u00e9todos de cultivo que requieren las plantas le\u00f1osas. Al parecer, los huesos de aceitunas encontrados en yacimientos paleol\u00edticos, mesol\u00edticos y neol\u00edticos de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica pertenecen al acebuche. Pues hasta la generalizaci\u00f3n de la agricultura, el acebuche, junto con otros muchos productos vegetales que brindaba el medio natural, formaba parte de la dieta de los pueblos primitivos de la Pen\u00ednsula, basada en la recolecci\u00f3n de estos productos, junto con la caza y la pesca. Parece fuera de toda duda que el cultivo del olivo fue introducido entre los siglos XI y X a. C., en el SE y S de Espa\u00f1a, desde la lejana Tiro, por los fenicios, responsables adem\u00e1s de la introducci\u00f3n en nuestro pa\u00eds del cultivo de la vid. M\u00e1s tarde, los romanos introdujeron nuevos cultivares y extendieron el cultivo del olivo a buena parte de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 En la actualidad, el cultivo del olivo es la base de la econom\u00eda de varias comarcas espa\u00f1olas. Espa\u00f1a es el primer productor de aceite de oliva, con un 45-49% de la producci\u00f3n mundial, muy por delante de otros pa\u00edses mediterr\u00e1neos, como Italia, T\u00fanez, Grecia o Turqu\u00eda. Es igualmente el primer productor de aceitunas de mesa, que exporta a m\u00e1s de 150 pa\u00edses, con un 17% de la producci\u00f3n mundial.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El olivo (Olea europaea L. var. europaea) fue introducido en cultivo en Oriente Pr\u00f3ximo (Siria y Palestina) hacia 4.000-3.500 a. C., por selecci\u00f3n emp\u00edrica de \u00e1rboles de olivo silvestre o acebuche (Olea europaea var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr.) que mostraban frutos de mayor tama\u00f1o y\/o mayor contenido en aceite. Desde all\u00ed, su cultivo se extendi\u00f3 paulatinamente [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":23893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2806],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[2863],"class_list":["post-23892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vida"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/olivar.jpg","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/olivar.jpg",1688,1125,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/olivar-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/olivar-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/olivar-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/olivar-1024x682.jpg",1024,682,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/olivar-1536x1024.jpg",1536,1024,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/olivar.jpg",1688,1125,false],"bdpp-medium":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/olivar-640x480.jpg",640,480,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Benito Vald\u00e9s","author_link":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/?author=64"},"uagb_comment_info":1,"uagb_excerpt":"El olivo (Olea europaea L. var. europaea) fue introducido en cultivo en Oriente Pr\u00f3ximo (Siria y Palestina) hacia 4.000-3.500 a. C., por selecci\u00f3n emp\u00edrica de \u00e1rboles de olivo silvestre o acebuche (Olea europaea var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr.) que mostraban frutos de mayor tama\u00f1o y\/o mayor contenido en aceite. Desde all\u00ed, su cultivo se extendi\u00f3 paulatinamente&hellip;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"authors":[{"term_id":2863,"user_id":64,"is_guest":0,"slug":"valdesbenito","display_name":"Benito Vald\u00e9s","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/38066cf54e53e07c1442523ac9ccdcc634b25adbe2b07a9e7e2f777ec487345c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","first_name":"Benito","last_name":"Vald\u00e9s","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/64"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23892"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23896,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23892\/revisions\/23896"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23892"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fppma_author&post=23892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}