{"id":23980,"date":"2025-09-16T07:07:25","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T05:07:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/?p=23980"},"modified":"2025-07-10T12:09:37","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T10:09:37","slug":"polinizacion-por-pajaros-en-la-region-mediterranea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/?p=23980","title":{"rendered":"Polinizaci\u00f3n por p\u00e1jaros en la Regi\u00f3n Mediterr\u00e1nea"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cuando pensamos en la polinizaci\u00f3n por p\u00e1jaros, la primera visi\u00f3n que nos viene a la mente es la actividad de los colibr\u00edes americanos (Troqu\u00edlidos), que son casi exclusivamente nectar\u00edvoros. De peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o y peso, su pico largo y recto es apropiado para extraer el n\u00e9ctar del fondo de corolas tubulosas o estrechamente infundibuliformes, que los atraen con sus vivos colores, sobre todo de tonos rojizos. Mientras liban el n\u00e9ctar en pleno vuelo, el polen se adhiere a su pico o cabeza y puede ser depositado en el estigma de otra flor en una siguiente visita, complet\u00e1ndose la polinizaci\u00f3n. Tambi\u00e9n hay p\u00e1jaros polinizadores en el Viejo Mundo, como los melif\u00e1gidos y nectar\u00ednidos, pero fuera del \u00e1rea mediterr\u00e1nea.<\/p>\n

\"\"
El altramuz del diablo (Anagyris foetida L.) (Foto de Jean-Paul Peltier)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En la Regi\u00f3n Mediterr\u00e1nea, las plantas con flores (Angiospermas) son polinizadas fundamentalmente por insectos. Algunos grupos de plantas acu\u00e1ticas son polinizadas por medio del agua y las flores de varias familias, como gram\u00edneas y fag\u00e1ceas (a las que pertenecen la encina y el alcornoque, por ejemplo), son polinizadas por el viento. En la polinizaci\u00f3n por insectos intervienen varios grupos, de los que destacan los cole\u00f3pteros, d\u00edpteros (fundamentalmente los s\u00edrfidos), lepid\u00f3pteros, tanto diurnos como nocturnos, y sobre todo los himen\u00f3pteros, tanto solitarios como gregarios, particularmente abejorros y abejas, de los que la abeja dom\u00e9stica es el ejemplo m\u00e1s conocido, pues la miel que elabora es utilizada por el hombre desde el Paleol\u00edtico.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Curruca capirotada (macho) [Sylvia atricapilla]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pero a principios de este siglo, Ortega Olivencia y colaboradores, de la Universidad de Extremadura, demostraron experimentalmente lo que ya se hab\u00eda postulado a finales del siglo XX: que en la regi\u00f3n Mediterr\u00e1nea tambi\u00e9n los p\u00e1jaros son agentes de polinizaci\u00f3n, particularmente en invierno, pues la curruca capirotada, la curruca cabecinegra y el mosquitero com\u00fan act\u00faan en el SW de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica como polinizadores eficaces de una leguminosa le\u00f1osa, el altramuz del diablo. Demostraron adem\u00e1s que estos p\u00e1jaros polinizan a tres especies de escrofularia de flores grandes en Portugal (Scrophularia grandiflora<\/em>), S de Espa\u00f1a (S. sambucifolia<\/em>) y Cerde\u00f1a (S.<\/em> trifoliata<\/em>). Estos casos se suman al \u00fanico conocido de p\u00e1jaro nectar\u00edfero obligado de la Regi\u00f3n Mediterr\u00e1nea: Cinnyris osea<\/em>, que en invierno es el \u00fanico polinizador en Israel de una especie sud\u00e1nica de mu\u00e9rdago: Plicosepalus acaciae<\/em>.<\/p>\n

La ornitogamia o polinizaci\u00f3n por p\u00e1jaros, no est\u00e1 por tanto ausente de la Regi\u00f3n Mediterr\u00e1nea, en la que es de esperar que observaciones futuras demuestren nuevos casos de este tipo de polinizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cuando pensamos en la polinizaci\u00f3n por p\u00e1jaros, la primera visi\u00f3n que nos viene a la mente es la actividad de los colibr\u00edes americanos (Troqu\u00edlidos), que son casi exclusivamente nectar\u00edvoros. De peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o y peso, su pico largo y recto es apropiado para extraer el n\u00e9ctar del fondo de corolas tubulosas o estrechamente infundibuliformes, que los […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":23982,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2806],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[2863],"class_list":["post-23980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vida"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/curruca.jpg","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/curruca.jpg",800,533,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/curruca-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/curruca-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/curruca-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/curruca.jpg",800,533,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/curruca.jpg",800,533,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/curruca.jpg",800,533,false],"bdpp-medium":["https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/curruca-640x480.jpg",640,480,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Benito Vald\u00e9s","author_link":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/?author=64"},"uagb_comment_info":2,"uagb_excerpt":"Cuando pensamos en la polinizaci\u00f3n por p\u00e1jaros, la primera visi\u00f3n que nos viene a la mente es la actividad de los colibr\u00edes americanos (Troqu\u00edlidos), que son casi exclusivamente nectar\u00edvoros. De peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o y peso, su pico largo y recto es apropiado para extraer el n\u00e9ctar del fondo de corolas tubulosas o estrechamente infundibuliformes, que los…","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"authors":[{"term_id":2863,"user_id":64,"is_guest":0,"slug":"valdesbenito","display_name":"Benito Vald\u00e9s","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/38066cf54e53e07c1442523ac9ccdcc634b25adbe2b07a9e7e2f777ec487345c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","first_name":"Benito","last_name":"Vald\u00e9s","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23980","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/64"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23980"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23980\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23985,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23980\/revisions\/23985"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23980"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23980"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rasc.es\/blogacademia\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fppma_author&post=23980"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}